We gain weight
Because the hormones in charge of processes like metabolism and appetite regulation are altered, levels of leptin, the hormone that makes us feel full, are reduced. And levels of ghrelin, which stimulates the desire to eat foods high in fat and sugar, increase. Likewise, due to fatigue, we avoid physical exercise.
The immune system is weakened
“During sleep, the immune system is more active. Although how it works is still being fully understood, its influence on strengthening and developing the body's defense system is being studied,” explained Dr. Elmer Huerta, a specialist in internal medicine, public health, and oncology, to AARP en español. “When a person does not sleep well, they are much more susceptible to viral infections; it has even been discovered that autoimmune diseases could be more frequent.”
Vulnerability to depression and anxiety
Our mental health is affected by mood swings and anxiety. All these alterations influence the secretion of substances such as cortisol, which inhibits and suppresses sleep, as well as prolactin or serotonin, which are related to the regulation of sleep cycles, moods, or pain perception.